SERVICES

Bulk conveyance systems are high capital value assets that offer true optimization opportunities at the hands of specialist design engineers. An optimal design blends well-grounded theoretical knowledge with a practical understanding of the challenges faced during construction as well as during the service life of the asset. To achieve this, all aspects of the planning, design and operation must be thoroughly understood and addressed during the design process.

C2D offers extensive experience in the fields of conceptual design, feasibility assessments and economic optimisation of bulk transfer schemes and hydro power plants, hydraulic analysis, large diameter pipeline structural design, cathodic protection planning and design, specification development, and advanced computer aided design (CAD) making use of the latest 3D design software and BIM principles. The unique combination of skills makes C2D a ‘one stop shop’ ideally suited to produce efficient and accurate designs. This industry knowledge translates into our philosophy to produce designs that will enable easy future inspections, monitoring and management aimed at producing systems that have the least cost long term life cycle cost for its owners.

Whenever possible we follow the principles of value engineering to achieve design excellence. The objectives of value engineering are to improve quality, minimize total ownership costs, reduce construction time, make the project easier to construct, ensure safe operations, and assure environmental and ecological goals. We provide the optimum blend of digital design, scheduling, performance, constructability, maintainability, environmental awareness, safety and cost consciousness

Pipelines

• Pre-feasibility and feasibility investigations
• Scheme optimization considering initial capital and long term operating and maintenance costs
• Conceptual planning and design including route and material selection
• Coordination of support services like topographical surveys, geotechnical investigations, way leave applications and environmental and social surveys on a managed service or turn key basis
• Detail design, including the following:
- Functional design specifications to establish sound operating philosophies
- Hydraulic and surge analysis
- Structural design and optimization of large diameter pipelines
- Valve selection, sizing and layout design
- Production of layout drawings and 3D geospatial design integration
- Production of longitudinal section drawings
- 3D CAD Design and detailing of chambers and appurtenances
- Production of standard and special details
• Pipeline installation inspection, construction monitoring and commissioning
• Development of pipeline operation and maintenance manuals
• Development of project specifications, bills of quantities and data sheets for inclusion in contract documentation

Pump Stations

• Pump station conceptual planning and design
• Intake and pipeline hydraulic assessment
• 3D Design and detailing of pump station structural, mechanical and electrical components
• Source and delivery reservoir design and detailing
• Pump station operating philosophy and associated control and automation instrumentation
• Pump station installation inspection, construction monitoring and commissioning
• Development of project specifications, bills of quantities and data sheets for inclusion in contract documentation

Hydro Power

C2D Engineering can provide the following small hydropower project service:
• Pre-Feasibility and Feasibility Studies
• Preliminary and optimum sizing of generating capacity
• Detailed design of civil, mechanical, and electrical works
• Specialist structural design of high pressure, large diameter penstocks
• Hydrology Studies
• Flood determination
• Condition assessment, rehabilitation, and refurbishment of hydropower facilities
• Tender documentation and management of the procurement process
• Construction supervision
• Fulfilment of role as Owner’s Engineer
• Construction supervision and contract management

Cathodic Protection & AC Mitigation

• Assessment to determine the requirement for cathodic protection for both steel and ductile iron pipes
• Soil resistivity surveys
• Soil corrosivity surveys including in-situ SRB assessment
• Groundbed surveys
• Cathodic protection design
• Cathodic protection installation inspection, construction monitoring and commissioning
• Pipeline coating and lining selection and specification
• Cathodic Protection system routine monitoring, inspection, troubleshooting and balancing
• Coating defects surveys (DCVG/ACVG/PCM)
• Rectifier troubleshooting and adjustment
• Stray current testing and mitigation
• AC Mitigation survey and design

Hydraulic Surge Analysis

A change in the steady state operating condition of a fluid system can be caused by planned or unplanned valve, pump or turbine operation, rapid changes in demand or pipe and component failures. These changes are communicated to the system by pressure waves propagating from the point of origin where the change was imposed. After some time, the system attains a new state of equilibrium if the resulting pressure waves have not reached destructive proportions. The terms “surge”, “water hammer” and “transient flows” are used synonymously to describe an unsteady flow of fluids in a pipe system. Pressure transients can cause extensive damage to fluid conveyance systems. This can range from catastrophic pipeline failures to less obvious and visible, but often wide spread long-term effects like damaged pipeline seals and long-term cyclic fatigue loading. Long-term effects can lead to higher than expected maintenance costs, unexpected periods of non-functionality, reduction in the service life of the infrastructure, increased water loss and even intrusion of contaminants into a distribution system. A surge analysis must be performed as part of the detailed design of any new pipeline or pumping system. The impact of modifications to existing systems must also be analysed. Hydraulic models compiled as part of the design of a conveyance system should then be calibrated against measured data to verify that design assumptions were correct and the system behaves in accordance with the design.

C2D has extensive surge modelling and system validation experience, offering the following services:
• Steady state and transient modelling of transfer systems
• Development of operating and control philosophies to define the functional operation and control of a system
• Pump and valve selection and specification
• Development of surge alleviating strategies and specification of surge alleviating equipment
• Transient monitoring using high frequency pressure loggers
• System validation and proof of design studies

Coating & Lining Inspection

C2D can provide coating and lining inspection services during the application process and can complete integrity inspections and failure analysis after application. C2D have their own bespoke HD CCTV camera which was specifically designed for the inspection of bulk water pipelines from DN 300 to DN 1200. Lining and coating inspection services include:
• Substrate profile
• Substrate cleanliness
• Environmental conditions measurement and logging
• Wet film thickness
• Dry film thickness
• Degree of cure
• Electrical insulation Defect (EID/Holiday) testing
• Adhesion testing
• Drained HD CCTV Inspection
• QA/AC monitoring and management

Terrestrial Scanning

C2D Engineering have successfully utilised their own terrestrial scanning capability on various projects. This capability is particularly useful for pump station upgrades where a new pumps, valves and associated pipework are modelled onto the scanned point cloud. This allowed for the pipework, fittings and plinths design to be accurately modelled to ensure a seamless installation. The pipework is detailed and construction drawings developed from the same software package. By completing the scanning, processing of the point cloud and the modelling of the pipe work on a common platform offers the designer engineer the platform to ensure that the correct data and level of detail is obtained at the start of the design process.
C2D’s terrestrial scanner has the following scanning characteristics:
• Field of view – 360° Horizontal, 300° Vertical
• Range – up to 60m
• Point measuring rate – up to 360 000 points/sec
• Ranging accuracy – 4mm@10m
• 3D point accuracy – 6mm@10m

Cement Mortar Lining

C2D Engineering have experience in the design, specification and monitoring of both factory applied as well as in-situ application (new pipelines and lining refurbishment). CML projects require a sound understanding of the CML mix design and the impact of extenders and aggregate. C2D Engineering can provide the following specialist input into CML projects:
• CML specification review and/or development
• Assessment of CML suitability for the specific water intended to be transferred
• Review of quality documentation and mix designs
• Factory inspections and application monitoring
• Construction monitoring and quality assurance
• Review of post application CCTV records and man entry inspections where possible

Pipeline Condition Assessment

C2D has vast experience in the condition assessment and life cycle maintenance of bulk water pipelines and hydro power penstocks. Recommendations are related to pipeline and penstock risk profiles which are based on detailed hydraulic models, corrosivity surveys and representative sampling. C2D can offer complete pipeline and penstock condition assessment projects with a combination of the following inspections, which are offered either inhouse or in collaboration with our network of specialist service providers:
• Soil resistivity and corrosivity surveys
• Stray current surveys
• Pipe wall condition assessments (discrete ultrasonic and corrosion mapping)
• Transient/surge monitoring
• Flow monitoring
• Pipeline coating defects survey (ACVG, DCVG, PCM)
• Close interval survey
• Drained internal CCTV inspection
• Valve chamber and pipeline appurtenance inspection
• Leak detection
• Internal corrosion coupon installation and long term assessment